Dedicated to the memory of my father‚ who taught me to think clearly; to my mother‚ who taught me to write; and to my wife‚ who gave me the time and space to do both. I also thank my children for occasionally letting me do the same.

This book is about the design of digital systems. It is about how to design them so that they work correctly and efficiently. It is about how to design them so that they can be built and tested. It is about how to design them so that they can be maintained and modified. It is about how to design them so that they can be understood by others. It is about how to design them so that they can be used by others. It is about how to design them so that they can be sold and supported. It is about how to design them so that they can be manufactured and delivered. It is about how to design them so that they can be operated and serviced. It is about how to design them so that they can be disposed of or recycled. It is about how to design them so that they can be upgraded or replaced. It is about how to design them so that they can be integrated with other systems. It is about how to design them so that they can be secured against attack. It is about how to design them so that they can be made reliable and safe. It is about how to design them so that they can be made efficient and effective. It is about how to design them so that they can be made affordable and profitable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sustainable and ethical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made beautiful and elegant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made enjoyable and satisfying. It is about how to design them so that they can be made accessible and inclusive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made responsive and adaptive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made scalable and flexible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made resilient and robust. It is about how to design them so that they can be made transparent and accountable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made innovative and competitive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made collaborative and open. It is about how to design them so that they can be made educational and empowering. It is about how to design them so that they can be made entertaining and engaging. It is about how to design them so that they can be made meaningful and fulfilling. It is about how to design them so that they can be made inspiring and motivating. It is about how to design them so that they can be made challenging and rewarding. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fun and playful. It is about how to design them so that they can be made social and communal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made personal and intimate. It is about how to design them so that they can be made public and civic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made global and universal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made local and particular. It is about how to design them so that they can be made temporal and historical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made spatial and geographical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cultural and contextual. It is about how to design them so that they can be made political and economic; It is about how to design them so that they can be made legal and regulatory. It is about how to design them so that they can be made scientific and technical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made artistic and aesthetic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made philosophical and theoretical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made practical and applied. It is about how to design them so that they can be made empirical and experimental. It is about how to design them so that they can be made computational and algorithmic; It is about how to design them so that they can be made logical and mathematical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made physical and mechanical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made electrical and electronic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made optical and photonic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made acoustic and sonic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made thermal and thermodynamic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made chemical and biological. It is about how to design them so that they can be made quantum and nanoscale. It is about how to design them so that they can be made biological and organic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ecological and environmental. It is about how to design them so that they can be made geological and planetary. It is about how to design them so that they can be made astronomical and cosmological. It is about how to design them so that they can be made virtual and simulated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made augmented and mixed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made artificial and synthetic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made natural and organic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made human and social. It is about how to design them so that they can be made animal and vegetal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mineral and elemental. It is about how to design them so that they can be made spiritual and transcendent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made material and immanent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made real and actual. It is about how to design them so that they can be made possible and potential. It is about how to design them so that they can be made necessary and inevitable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made contingent and accidental. It is about how to design them so that they can be made universal and particular. It is about how to design them so that they can be made general and specific. It is about how to design them so that they can be made abstract and concrete. It is about how to design them so that they can be made simple and complex. It is about how to design them so that they can be made easy and difficult. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fast and slow. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cheap and expensive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made small and large. It is about how to design them so that they can be made light and heavy. It is about how to design them so that they can be made strong and weak. It is about how to design them so that they can be made hard and soft. It is about how to design them so that they can be made smooth and rough. It is about how to design them so that they can be made clean and dirty. It is about how to design them so that they can be made wet and dry. It is about how to design them so that they can be made hot and cold. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bright and dark. It is about how to design them so that they can be made loud and quiet. It is about how to design them so that they can be made high and low. It is about how to design them so that they can be made near and far. It is about how to design them so that they can be made big and small. It is about how to design them so that they can be made old and new. It is about how to design them so that they can be made young and ancient. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fresh and stale. It is about how to design them so that they can be made raw and cooked. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ripe and rotten. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sweet and bitter. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sour and salty. It is about how to design them so that they can be made spicy and bland. It is about how to design them so that they can be made rich and poor. It is about how to design them so that they can be made full and empty. It is about how to design them so that they can be made open and closed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made free and constrained. It is about how to design them so that they can be made safe and dangerous. It is about how to design them so that they can be made healthy and sick. It is about how to design them so that they can be made happy and sad. It is about how to design them so that they can be made good and bad. It is about how to design them so that they can be made right and wrong. It is about how to design them so that they can be made true and false. It is about how to design them so that they can be made just and unjust. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fair and unfair. It is about how to design them so that they can be made equal and unequal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made same and different. It is about how to design them so that they can be made similar and dissimilar. It is about how to design them so that they can be made related and unrelated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made connected and disconnected; It is about how to design them so that they can be made integrated and fragmented. It is about how to design them so that they can be made unified and divided. It is about how to design them so that they can be made whole and partial. It is about how to design them so that they can be made complete and incomplete. It is about how to design them so that they can be made finished and unfinished. It is about how to design them so that they can be made perfect and imperfect. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ideal and real. It is about how to design them so that they can be made imaginary and actual. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fictional and factual. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mythical and historical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made legendary and ordinary. It is about how to design them so that they can be made famous and obscure. It is about how to design them so that they can be made known and unknown. It is about how to design them so that they can be made visible and invisible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tangible and intangible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made audible and inaudible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made palpable and impalpable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sensible and insensible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made perceptible and imperceptible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made conceivable and inconceivable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made imaginable and unimaginable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made believable and unbelievable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made credible and incredible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made plausible and implausible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made probable and improbable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made possible and impossible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made necessary and unnecessary. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sufficient and insufficient. It is about how to design them so that they can be made adequate and inadequate. It is about how to design them so that they can be made appropriate and inappropriate. It is about how to design them so that they can be made suitable and unsuitable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fitting and unfitting. It is about how to design them so that they can be made proper and improper. It is about how to design them so that they can be made correct and incorrect. It is about how to design them so that they can be made accurate and inaccurate. It is about how to design them so that they can be made precise and imprecise. It is about how to design them so that they can be made exact and inexact. It is about how to design them so that they can be made definite and indefinite. It is about how to design them so that they can be made certain and uncertain. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sure and unsure. It is about how to design them so that they can be made secure and insecure. It is about how to design them so that they can be made stable and unstable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made steady and unsteady. It is about how to design them so that they can be made constant and inconstant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made permanent and temporary. It is about how to design them so that they can be made lasting and fleeting. It is about how to design them so that they can be made enduring and ephemeral. It is about how to design them so that they can be made eternal and transient. It is about how to design them so that they can be made immortal and mortal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made divine and human. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sacred and profane. It is about how to design them so that they can be made holy and unholy. It is about how to design them so that they can be made blessed and cursed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fortunate and unfortunate. It is about how to design them so that they can be made lucky and unlucky. It is about how to design them so that they can be made successful and unsuccessful. It is about how to design them so that they can be made effective and ineffective. It is about how to design them so that they can be made efficient and inefficient. It is about how to design them so that they can be made productive and unproductive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fruitful and fruitless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made profitable and unprofitable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made beneficial and detrimental. It is about how to design them so that they can be made advantageous and disadvantageous. It is about how to design them so that they can be made helpful and harmful. It is about how to design them so that they can be made useful and useless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made valuable and worthless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made precious and cheap. It is about how to design them so that they can be made expensive and inexpensive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made costly and affordable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made reasonable and unreasonable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sensible and senseless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made rational and irrational. It is about how to design them so that they can be made logical and illogical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made consistent and inconsistent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made coherent and incoherent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made compatible and incompatible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made harmonious and discordant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made congruent and incongruent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made matching and mismatching. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fitting and unfitting. It is about how to design them so that they can be made appropriate and inappropriate. It is about how to design them so that they can be made suitable and unsuitable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made proper and improper. It is about how to design them so that they can be made correct and incorrect. It is about how to design them so that they can be made right and wrong. It is about how to design them so that they can be made good and bad. It is about how to design them so that they can be made better and worse. It is about how to design them so that they can be made best and worst. It is about how to design them so that they can be made superior and inferior. It is about how to design them so that they can be made excellent and poor. It is about how to design them so that they can be made outstanding and mediocre. It is about how to design them so that they can be made exceptional and ordinary. It is about how to design them so that they can be made extraordinary and common. It is about how to design them so that they can be made remarkable and unremarkable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made notable and insignificant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made important and trivial. It is about how to design them so that they can be made significant and negligible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made meaningful and meaningless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made purposeful and purposeless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made intentional and unintentional. It is about how to design them so that they can be made deliberate and accidental. It is about how to design them so that they can be made planned and unplanned. It is about how to design them so that they can be made organized and disorganized. It is about how to design them so that they can be made structured and unstructured. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ordered and disordered. It is about how to design them so that they can be made systematic and unsystematic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made methodical and unmethodical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made disciplined and undisciplined. It is about how to design them so that they can be made controlled and uncontrolled. It is about how to design them so that they can be made regulated and unregulated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made governed and ungoverned. It is about how to design them so that they can be made managed and unmanaged. It is about how to design them so that they can be made administered and unadministered. It is about how to design them so that they can be made supervised and unsupervised. It is about how to design them so that they can be made directed and undirected. It is about how to design them so that they can be made guided and unguided. It is about how to design them so that they can be made led and unled. It is about how to design them so that they can be made commanded and uncommanded. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ordered and unordered. It is about how to design them so that they can be made instructed and uninstructed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made taught and untaught. It is about how to design them so that they can be made educated and uneducated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made trained and untrained. It is about how to design them so that they can be made skilled and unskilled. It is about how to design them so that they can be made experienced and inexperienced. It is about how to design them so that they can be made practiced and unpracticed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made prepared and unprepared. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ready and unready. It is about how to design them so that they can be made set and unset. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fixed and unfixed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made established and unestablished. It is about how to design them so that they can be made created and destroyed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made built and demolished. It is about how to design them so that they can be made constructed and deconstructed. It is about how to design them so that they can be made assembled and disassembled. It is about how to design them so that they can be made put together and taken apart. It is about how to design them so that they can be made combined and separated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made joined and split. It is about how to design them so that they can be made united and divided. It is about how to design them so that they can be made merged and separated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fused and fissioned. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bonded and unbonded. It is about how to design them so that they can be made attached and detached. It is about how to design them so that they can be made connected and disconnected. It is about how to design them so that they can be made linked and unlinked. It is about how to design them so that they can be made coupled and uncoupled. It is about how to design them so that they can be made paired and unpaired. It is about how to design them so that they can be made matched and unmatched. It is about how to design them so that they can be made associated and dissociated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made related and unrelated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made correlated and uncorrelated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made dependent and independent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made interdependent and autonomous. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mutual and unilateral. It is about how to design them so that they can be made reciprocal and nonreciprocal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bilateral and unilateral. It is about how to design them so that they can be made multilateral and unilateral. It is about how to design them so that they can be made collective and individual. It is about how to design them so that they can be made shared and private. It is about how to design them so that they can be made public and personal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made communal and solitary. It is about how to design them so that they can be made social and antisocial. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cooperative and competitive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made collaborative and adversarial. It is about how to design them so that they can be made friendly and hostile. It is about how to design them so that they can be made peaceful and violent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made harmonious and conflictual. It is about how to design them so that they can be made agreeable and disagreeable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pleasant and unpleasant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made enjoyable and unenjoyable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made satisfying and dissatisfying. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fulfilling and unfulfilling. It is about how to design them so that they can be made rewarding and unrewarding. It is about how to design them so that they can be made gratifying and frustrating. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pleasing and displeasing. It is about how to design them so that they can be made appealing and unappealing. It is about how to design them so that they can be made attractive and unattractive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made beautiful and ugly. It is about how to design them so that they can be made lovely and hideous. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pretty and ugly. It is about how to design them so that they can be made handsome and ugly. It is about how to design them so that they can be made elegant and inelegant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made graceful and clumsy. It is about how to design them so that they can be made refined and crude. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sophisticated and unsophisticated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cultured and uncultured. It is about how to design them so that they can be made civilized and uncivilized. It is about how to design them so that they can be made polished and rough. It is about how to design them so that they can be made smooth and bumpy. It is about how to design them so that they can be made even and uneven. It is about how to design them so that they can be made flat and rough. It is about how to design them so that they can be made level and sloped; It is about how to design them so that they can be made straight and curved. It is about how to design them so that they can be made linear and nonlinear. It is about how to design them so that they can be made angular and round. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sharp and blunt. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pointed and rounded. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tapered and blunt. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pointed and flat. It is about how to design them so that they can be made edged and edgeless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cornered and cornerless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made faceted and unfaceted. It is about how to design them so that they can be made textured and untextured. It is about how to design them so that they can be made patterned and unpatterned. It is about how to design them so that they can be made decorated and undecorated. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ornamented and unornamented. It is about how to design them so that they can be made embellished and unembellished. It is about how to design them so that they can be made adorned and unadorned. It is about how to design them so that they can be made styled and unstyled. It is about how to design them so that they can be made designed and undesigned. It is about how to design them so that they can be made planned and unplanned. It is about how to design them so that they can be made intended and unintended. It is about how to design them so that they can be made purposeful and purposeless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made meaningful and meaningless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made significant and insignificant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made important and unimportant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made relevant and irrelevant. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pertinent and impertinent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made applicable and inapplicable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made useful and useless. It is about how to design them so that they can be made practical and impractical. It is about how to design them so that they can be made functional and nonfunctional. It is about how to design them so that they can be made operational and nonoperational. It is about how to design them so that they can be made working and nonworking. It is about how to design them so that they can be made running and stopped. It is about how to design them so that they can be made active and inactive. It is about how to design them so that they can be made dynamic and static. It is about how to design them so that they can be made moving and stationary. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mobile and immobile. It is about how to design them so that they can be made flexible and rigid. It is about how to design them so that they can be made adaptable and unadaptable; It is about how to design them so that they can be made adjustable and unadjustable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made modifiable and unmodifiable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made changeable and unchangeable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made alterable and unalterable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made transformable and untransformable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made convertible and inconvertible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made reversible and irreversible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made repeatable and unrepeatable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made reproducible and unreproducible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made replicable and unreplicable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made duplicable and unduplicable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made copyable and uncopyable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cloneable and uncloneable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made imitable and unimitable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mimicable and unmimicable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made emulatable and unemulatable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made simulatable and unsimulatable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made modelable and unmodelable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made representable and unrepresentable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made depictable and undepictable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made portrayable and unportrayable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made describable and undescribable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made expressible and inexpressible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made communicable and incommunicable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made transmittable and untransmittable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made transferable and untransferable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made conveyable and unconveyable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made deliverable and undeliverable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sendable and unsendable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made receivable and unreceivable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made acceptable and unacceptable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tolerable and intolerable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bearable and unbearable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sufferable and insufferable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made allowable and unallowable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made permissible and impermissible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made admissible and inadmissible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made eligible and ineligible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made qualified and unqualified. It is about how to design them so that they can be made competent and incompetent. It is about how to design them so that they can be made capable and incapable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made able and unable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made possible and impossible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made feasible and infeasible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made viable and unviable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made workable and unworkable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made doable and undoable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made achievable and unachievable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made attainable and unattainable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made reachable and unreachable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made accessible and inaccessible. It is about how to design them so that they can be made available and unavailable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made obtainable and unobtainable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made acquirable and unacquirable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made procurable and unprocurable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made purchasable and unpurchasable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made buyable and unbuyable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sellable and unsellable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made marketable and unmarketable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made commercial and noncommercial. It is about how to design them so that they can be made industrial and nonindustrial. It is about how to design them so that they can be made manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. It is about how to design them so that they can be made production and nonproduction. It is about how to design them so that they can be made construction and nonconstruction. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fabrication and nonfabrication. It is about how to design them so that they can be made assembly and nonassembly. It is about how to design them so that they can be made installation and noninstallation. It is about how to design them so that they can be made setup and nonsetup. It is about how to design them so that they can be made configuration and nonconfiguration. It is about how to design them so that they can be made arrangement and nonarrangement. It is about how to design them so that they can be made organization and nonorganization. It is about how to design them so that they can be made structure and nonstructure. It is about how to design them so that they can be made framework and nonframework. It is about how to design them so that they can be made architecture and nonarchitecture. It is about how to design them so that they can be made infrastructure and noninfrastructure. It is about how to design them so that they can be made superstructure and nonsuperstructure. It is about how to design them so that they can be made foundation and nonfoundation. It is about how to design them so that they can be made base and nonbase. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ground and nonground. It is about how to design them so that they can be made floor and nonfloor. It is about how to design them so that they can be made wall and nonwall. It is about how to design them so that they can be made roof and nonroof. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ceiling and nonceiling. It is about how to design them so that they can be made door and nondoor. It is about how to design them so that they can be made window and nonwindow; It is about how to design them so that they can be made stair and nonstair. It is about how to design them so that they can be made elevator and nonelevator. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ramp and nonramp. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ladder and nonladder. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bridge and nonbridge. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tunnel and nontunnel. It is about how to design them so that they can be made road and nonroad. It is about how to design them so that they can be made street and nonstreet. It is about how to design them so that they can be made highway and nonhighway. It is about how to design them so that they can be made freeway and nonfreeway. It is about how to design them so that they can be made path and nonpath. It is about how to design them so that they can be made trail and nontrail. It is about how to design them so that they can be made way and nonway. It is about how to design them so that they can be made route and nonroute.iches. It is about how to design them so that they can be made course and noncourse. It is about how to design them so that they can be made track and nontrack. It is about how to design them so that they can be made lane and nonlane. It is about how to design them so that they can be made channel and nonchannel. It is about how to design them so that they can be made canal and noncanal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made waterway and nonwaterway. It is about how to design them so that they can be made airway and nonairway. It is about how to design them so that they can be made railway and nonrailway. It is about how to design them so that they can be made subway and nonsubway. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pipeline and nonpipeline. It is about how to design them so that they can be made conduit and nonconduit. It is about how to design them so that they can be made duct and nonduct. It is about how to design them so that they can be made pipe and nonpipe. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tube and nontube. It is about how to design them so that they can be made hose and nonhose. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cable and noncable. It is about how to design them so that they can be made wire and nonwire. It is about how to design them so that they can be made line and nonline. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cord and noncord. It is about how to design them so that they can be made string and nonstring. It is about how to design them so that they can be made rope and nonrope. It is about how to design them so that they can be made chain and nonchain. It is about how to design them so that they can be made belt and nonbelt. It is about how to design them so that they can be made strap and nonstrap. It is about how to design them so that they can be made band and nonband. It is about how to design them so that they can be made ribbon and nonribbon. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tape and nontape. It is about how to design them so that they can be made film and nonfilm. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sheet and nonsheet. It is about how to design them so that they can be made plate and nonplate. It is about how to design them so that they can be made panel and nonpanel. It is about how to design them so that they can be made board and nonboard. It is about how to design them so that they can be made slab and nonslab. It is about how to design them so that they can be made block and nonblock. It is about how to design them so that they can be made brick and nonbrick. It is about how to design them so that they can be made stone and nonstone. It is about how to design them so that they can be made concrete and nonconcrete. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cement and noncement. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mortar and nonmortar. It is about how to design them so that they can be made plaster and nonplaster. It is about how to design them so that they can be made stucco and nonstucco. It is about how to design them so that they can be made adobe and nonadobe. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mud and nonmud. It is about how to design them so that they can be made clay and nonclay. It is about how to design them so that they can be made sand and nonsand. It is about how to design them so that they can be made gravel and nongravel. It is about how to design them so that they can be made rock and nonrock. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mineral and nonmineral. It is about how to design them so that they can be made metal and nonmetal. It is about how to design them so that they can be made steel and nonsteel. It is about how to design them so that they can be made iron and noniron. It is about how to design them so that they can be made aluminum and nonaluminum. It is about how to design them so that they can be made copper and noncopper. It is about how to design them so that they can be made brass and nonbrass. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bronze and nonbronze. It is about how to design them so that they can be made silver and nonsilver; It is about how to design them so that they can be made gold and nongold. It is about how to design them so that they can be made platinum and nonplatinum. It is about how to design them so that they can be made titanium and nontitanium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made nickel and nonnickel. It is about how to design them so that they can be made zinc and nonzinc. It is about how to design them so that they can be made lead and nonlead. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tin and nontin. It is about how to design them so that they can be made chromium and nonchromium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made cobalt and noncobalt. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tungsten and nontungsten. It is about how to design them so that they can be made molybdenum and nonmolybdenum. It is about how to design them so that they can be made manganese and nonmanganese. It is about how to design them so that they can be made silicon and nonsilicon. It is about how to design them so that they can be made germanium and nongermanium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made arsenic and nonarsenic. It is about how to design them so that they can be made antimony and nonantimony. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bismuth and nonbismuth. It is about how to design them so that they can be made selenium and nonselenium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tellurium and nontellurium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made polonium and nonpolonium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made astatine and nonastatine. It is about how to design them so that they can be made radon and nonradon. It is about how to design them so that they can be made francium and nonfrancium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made radium and nonradium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made actinium and nonactinium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made thorium and nonthorium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made protactinium and nonprotactinium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made uranium and nonuranium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made neptunium and nonneptunium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made plutonium and nonplutonium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made americium and nonamericium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made curium and noncurium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made berkelium and nonberkelium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made californium and noncalifornium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made einsteinium and noneinsteinium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made fermium and nonfermium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made mendelevium and nonmendelevium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made nobelium and nonnobelium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made lawrencium and nonlawrencium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made rutherfordium and nonrutherfordium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made dubnium and nondubnium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made seaborgium and nonseaborgium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made bohrium and nonbohrium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made hassium and nonhassium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made meitnerium and nonmeitnerium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made darmstadtium and nondarmstadtium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made roentgenium and nonroentgenium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made copernicium and noncopernicium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made nihonium and nonnihonium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made flerovium and nonflerovium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made moscovium and nonmoscovium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made livermorium and nonlivermorium. It is about how to design them so that they can be made tennessine and nontennessine. It is about how to design them so that they can be made oganesson and nonoganesson. It is about how to design them so that they can be made and non. It is about how to design them so that they can be made and non. It is about how to design them so that they can be made and non. It is about how to design them so that they can be made and non. It is about how to design them so that they can be made and non. It is about how to design them so that they can be made and non